
陳飛飛
長(zhǎng)聘副教授所在系所:機(jī)器人研究所
電子郵件:ffchen@sjtu.edu.cn
通訊地址:上海交通大學(xué)機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院A樓900室
個(gè)人主頁:http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mlDNufQAAAAJ
教育背景
2014.08-2018.03 新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué) 機(jī)械工程系 博士
2009.08-2013.06 中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 精密機(jī)械與精密儀器系 學(xué)士
工作經(jīng)歷
2025.01至今 上海交通大學(xué)機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)聘副教授,博士生導(dǎo)師
2021.01-2024.12 上海交通大學(xué)機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院,副教授,博士生導(dǎo)師
2018.05-2020.12 上海交通大學(xué)機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院,助理教授,博士生導(dǎo)師
研究方向
軟體機(jī)器人學(xué)(Soft Robotics)
1. 理論與技術(shù)研究
(1) 高功率密度、多運(yùn)動(dòng)模態(tài)軟體驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)
(2) 構(gòu)形-材料-驅(qū)動(dòng)一體化設(shè)計(jì)理論與方法
(3) 面向非結(jié)構(gòu)環(huán)境的本體感知與運(yùn)動(dòng)控制
2. 機(jī)器人集成應(yīng)用
(1) 高端裝備深腔檢測(cè)與作業(yè)
(2) 剛?cè)彳涶詈戏氯吮凼窒到y(tǒng)
歡迎對(duì)科學(xué)研究有原始興趣的同學(xué)加入實(shí)驗(yàn)室!
2026年入學(xué)博士名額已滿。
- Aim High, Think Deep, Act Bold -
學(xué)術(shù)兼職
1. Journal
* IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, Associate Editor (2022-2024)
* IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Associate Editor (2021-2027)
* Soft Sciencce, 青年編委(2024-)
* SmartBot, 青年編委(2024-)
* Robot Learning, 青年編委(2024-)
2. Conference
* Publication Chair, IEEE M2VIP 2021
* Session Chair, IEEE IROS 2019, "Soft Sensors and Actuators II";
* Associate Editor (Contributed Papers) for ICARCV 2018;
* Associate Editor (Contributed Papers) for ICARCV 2020;
* Associate Editor (Invited Sessions) for ICARCV 2020;
* Session Chair, ICIRA 2025, "Soft Robotics".
3. 學(xué)術(shù)組織
* IEEE Senior Member
* 中國(guó)機(jī)械工程學(xué)會(huì)高級(jí)會(huì)員
4. 邀請(qǐng)報(bào)告
2021年,第七屆軟體機(jī)器人理論與技術(shù)研討會(huì),“軟體機(jī)器人一體化設(shè)計(jì)研究進(jìn)展”,哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué),山東威海
2022年,TopOpt Webinar,“Topology Optimization for Soft Robots”, http://researchexpress.net/videoDetail/249
2023年,拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化最新研究進(jìn)展及應(yīng)用研討會(huì),“拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化在軟體機(jī)器人中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展”,華中科技大學(xué),武漢
2023年,第八屆軟體機(jī)器人基礎(chǔ)理論與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研討會(huì),“氣動(dòng)軟體機(jī)器人腔體構(gòu)形設(shè)計(jì)方法”,南方科技大學(xué),深圳
2024年,第九屆軟體機(jī)器人基礎(chǔ)理論與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研討會(huì),“軟體機(jī)器人工作空間與剛度特性設(shè)計(jì)方法”,清華大學(xué),北京
2025年,2025機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際會(huì)議暨第23屆機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì),“軟體機(jī)器人作動(dòng)-結(jié)構(gòu)一體化設(shè)計(jì)方法與應(yīng)用”,杭州
2025年,第六屆中國(guó)機(jī)器人學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì),“面向復(fù)雜深腔作業(yè)的多模式運(yùn)動(dòng)軟體機(jī)器人”,長(zhǎng)沙
2025年,JME學(xué)院第五屆青年科學(xué)家論壇,“軟體機(jī)器人作動(dòng)-結(jié)構(gòu)一體化設(shè)計(jì)方法與應(yīng)用”,大連
ME3806《軟體機(jī)器人技術(shù)》,本科生專業(yè)課,48學(xué)時(shí),3學(xué)分
JCCX0005《類人機(jī)器人與人工智能》,本科生專業(yè)課,48學(xué)時(shí),3學(xué)分
ME6540《現(xiàn)代控制理論》,研究生通選課,48學(xué)時(shí),3學(xué)分
科研項(xiàng)目
1. 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(B類)"軟體機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)與控制",負(fù)責(zé)人,2026-2028
2. 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃青年科學(xué)家項(xiàng)目"面向復(fù)雜深腔清除作業(yè)的多運(yùn)動(dòng)模式軟體機(jī)器人",負(fù)責(zé)人,2023-2026
3. 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目"類人手骨骼-關(guān)節(jié)-肌肉的機(jī)器人靈巧手運(yùn)動(dòng)建模與設(shè)計(jì)方法研究",負(fù)責(zé)人,2023-2026
4. 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(C類)"介電彈性體驅(qū)動(dòng)的軟體機(jī)器人一體化拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法研究",負(fù)責(zé)人,2020-2022
5. 上海市啟明星項(xiàng)目“仿人靈巧手時(shí)空可變剛度設(shè)計(jì)與控制”,負(fù)責(zé)人,2024-2027
6. 上海市東方英才計(jì)劃(青年項(xiàng)目),負(fù)責(zé)人,2025
7. 上海市青年科技英才揚(yáng)帆計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目"介電彈性體驅(qū)動(dòng)的軟體機(jī)器人結(jié)構(gòu)拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論與方法",負(fù)責(zé)人,2019-2022
8. 上海市晨光計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目"基于介電彈性體最小能量結(jié)構(gòu)的軟體機(jī)器人生成式設(shè)計(jì)研究",負(fù)責(zé)人,2021-2023
9. 上海市自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目"基于介電彈性體蒙皮分布驅(qū)動(dòng)與骨架機(jī)構(gòu)拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化的柔性變形翼設(shè)計(jì)方法研究,負(fù)責(zé)人,2023-2026
10. 工業(yè)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)分析國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放課題"軟體機(jī)器人構(gòu)形-材料-驅(qū)動(dòng)一體化拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論、方法與應(yīng)用",負(fù)責(zé)人,2021-2023
11. 上海交通大學(xué)"交大2030"計(jì)劃C類項(xiàng)目"水下偵察多模式運(yùn)動(dòng)軟體機(jī)器人",負(fù)責(zé)人,2024-2025
12. 上海交通大學(xué)-香港科技大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)交流基金"Integrated Design, Fabrication and Control of Soft Prosthetic Hand",負(fù)責(zé)人,2021-2022
13. 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目課題"基于果蠅幼蟲多模式運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制的軟體機(jī)器人仿生設(shè)計(jì)理論與制造方法",主要參與人員,2023-2027
代表性論文專著
在軟體機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域發(fā)表SCI期刊論文38篇(一作/通訊32篇),包括IEEE T-RO(2篇), PRL(1篇), Advanced Materials(1篇), IEEE/ASME TMECH(7篇), IEEE RA-L(6篇), IEEE RA-M(1篇), Soft Robotics(6篇)。多次在IEEE ICRA, IROS等國(guó)際會(huì)議上做口頭報(bào)告。
Journal Publication
( * indicate corresponding author, # indicate co-first authorship)
【2026】
38. Li, G., Feng, Y., Fuh, J., Liu, Q., Zhao, J., Wu, W.*, Chen, F.*, Ren, L.*, & Ren, L. (2026). 4D Printing of Highly Maneuverable Robots: Controllable Power Amplification Behaviours of Stimulus-Response Materials. Advanced Materials. (Accepted)
【2025】
37. Zhou, G., Ye, J., Song, Z., Liu, K., & Chen, F.* (2025). Co-Programming Shape Morphing and Interaction Forces of Soft Grippers for Compliant Grasping. Soft Robotics. (Accepted)
36. Jiang, C., Yu, Q., Tong, X., Hu, X., Chen, F.*, Li, Y.*, & Wang, D.* (2025). A nonlinear model for soft helical bistable structures. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 307, 110899.
35. Yuan, Z.#, Ji, H.#, Huang, K.#, Chen, F.*, & Gu, G.* (2025). Multimodal Locomotion of Soft Robots. Advanced Intelligent Systems e202500782.
34. Yuan, R., Huang, K., Ying, C., Hu, Y., Yuan, Z., & Chen, F.* (2025). A Multimodal Dual-Segment Soft Robot with Ground-to-Ceiling Transition. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 10(10), 10729-10736.
33. Yuan, Z., Chen, F.*, Huang, X., Huang, K., Song, Z., Ding, Y., Gong, Z., & Gu, G.* (2025). Soft tubular-surface rolling robots. Soft Robotics 12(6): 777-786.
32. Liang, X.#*, Ding, Y.# , Yuan, Z.#, Han, Y., Zhou, Y., Jiang J., Xie, Z., Fei, P., Sun, Y., Jia, P., Gu, G., Zhong, Z., Chen, F.*, Si, G.*, & Gong, Z.* (2025). Mechanics of Soft-Body Rolling Motion without External Torque. Physical Review Letters 134(19): 198401.
31. Huang, K., Yuan, R., Song, Z., Yuan, Z., Mao, S., Gu, G., & Chen, F.* (2025). Differentiable ANCF-based Kinematic Modeling of Soft Pneumatic Robots for Design Optimization. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 30(4), 2826-2834.
30. Hu, X., Ji, H., Feng, X., Wu, J., Luo, K., Zhu, X., & Chen, F.* (2025). An MLP-CycleGAN-based Data-driven Model for Soft Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Minimal Sim2Real Gap. Science China Technological Sciences 68(7), 1720302.
29. Chen, F.*, Chen, S., Wang, Y., Li, D., Song, Z., Gu, G., & Zhu, X. (2025). Multimaterial Soft Gripper Design with Dual-mode Pinches for Grasping in Confined Spaces. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 30 (3), 1900-1911.
28. Qin, Z., Ren, J., Chen, F., Zou, J., & Gu, G. (2025). Automatic design framework of dielectric elastomer actuators: Neural Network based real-time simulation, Genetic Algorithm based electrode optimization and experimental verification. Soft Robotics 12(3), 337-349.
【2024】
27. Liang, J., Huang, X., Luo, K., Song, Z., Yang, Y., & Chen, F.* (2024). Design and Kinematic Modeling of a Pneumatic Soft Bellow-type Wrist. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 9(7) 6312-6319.
26. Yang, Y.*, Xie, Y., Liu, J.*, Li, Y., & Chen, F. (2024). 3D Printed Origami Actuators for a Multi-animal Inspired Soft Robot with Amphibious Locomotion and Tongue Hunting. Soft Robotics, 11(4) 650-669.
25. Chen, S., Zhou, G., Li, D., Song, Z., & Chen, F.* (2024). Soft Robotic Joints with Anisotropic Stiffness by Multi-objective Topology Optimization. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 29 (2), 1064-1075.
【2023】
24. Chen, F.*, Song, Z., Chen, S., Gu, G., & Zhu, X. (2023). Morphological Design for Pneumatic Soft Actuators and Robots with Desired Deformation Behavior. IEEE Transactions on Robotics 39 (6), 4408-4428.
23. Luo, K., Wu, J., & Chen, F.* (2023). Optimal biaxial prestretch ratios of soft dielectric elastomer actuators for maximal voltage-induced displacement. Science China Technological Sciences 66, 2871–2881.
22. Li, D., Chen, S., Song, Z., Liang, J., Zhu, X., & Chen, F.* (2023). Tailoring the in-plane and out-of-plane stiffness of soft fingers by endoskeleton topology optimization for stable grasping. Science China Technological Sciences 66, 3080–3089.
【2022】
21. Chen, F.*, Miao, Y., Chen, S., Zhang, L.*, & Zhu, X. (2022). Triply Periodic Channels Enable Soft Pneumatic Linear Actuator with Single Material and Scalability. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 7(2), 2668-2675. (This paper was also selected by ICRA 2022 Program Committee for presentation at the Conference.)
【2021】
20. Chen, S., Wang, Y., Li, D., Chen, F.*, & Zhu, X. (2021). Enhancing Interaction Performance of Soft Pneumatic-Networks Grippers by Skeleton Topology Optimization. Science China Technological Sciences 64, 2709–2717.
19. Chen, S., Chen, F.*, Cao, Z., Wang, Y., Miao, Y., Gu, G., & Zhu, X. (2021). Topology Optimization of Skeleton-reinforced Soft Pneumatic Actuators for Desired Motions. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 26(4), 1745 - 1753. (This paper was also selected by AIM 2021 Program Committee for presentation at the Conference.)
18. Chen, F.*, Miao, Y., Gu., G., & Zhu, X. (2021). Soft Twisting Pneumatic Actuators Enabled by Freeform Surface Design. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6(3), 5253-5260. (This paper was also selected by ICRA 2021 Program Committee for presentation at the Conference.)
17. Chen, F.*, Liu, K., Pan, Q., Chen, S., & Zhu, X. (2021). An Integrated Design and Fabrication Strategy for Planar Soft Dielectric Elastomer Actuators. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 26 (5), 2629-2640.
【2020】
16. Pan, Q., Chen, S., Chen, F.*, & Zhu, X. (2020). Programmable Soft Bending Actuators with Auxetic Metamaterials. Science China Technological Sciences, 63(12), 2518–2526.
15. Chen, F.*, Wang M. Y. (2020). Design Optimization of Soft Robots: A Review of the State of the Art. IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine 27(4), 27-43.
14. Shen, Z.#, Chen, F.#, Zhu, X., Yong, K.T.*, & Gu., G.* (2020). Stimuli-responsive functional materials for soft robotics. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 8(39), pp.8972-8991.
13. Liu, K., Chen, S., Chen, F.*, & Zhu, X. (2020). A Unidirectional Soft Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Enabled by Built-in Honeycomb Metastructures. Polymers, 12(3), 619.
12. Ge, L., Chen, F., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Han, D., Wang, T., & Gu, G.* (2020). Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of Fabric-Based Pneumatic Actuators for Soft Wearable Assistive Gloves. Soft Robotics, 7(5), 583-596.
【before 2020】
11. Chen, F., Liu, K., Wang, Y., Zou, J., Gu, G.*, & Zhu, X.* (2019). Automatic Design of Soft Dielectric Elastomer Actuators With Optimal Spatial Electric Fields. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 35(5), 1150-1165.
10. Zhang, H., Kumar, A. S.*, Chen, F., Fuh, J. Y. H., & Wang, M. Y. (2018) Topology Optimized Multimaterial Soft Fingers for Applications on Grippers, Rehabilitation and Artificial Hands. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24 (1), 120-131.
9. Chen, F.*, Cao, J., Zhang, H., Wang, M. Y., Zhu, J., & Zhang, Y. F. (2018) Programmable Deformations of Networked Inflated Dielectric Elastomer Actuators. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24 (1), 45-55.
8. Chen, F., Xu, W., Zhang, H.*, Wang, Y., Cao, J., Wang, M. Y., ... & Zhang, Y. F. (2018). Topology Optimized Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Soft Cable-Driven Gripper. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(3), 2463-2470. (This paper was also selected by ICRA 2018 Program Committee for presentation at the Conference.)
7. Chen, F., Wang, Y.*, Wang, M. Y., & Zhang, Y. F. (2017). Topology optimization of hyperelastic structures using a level set method. Journal of Computational Physics, 351, 437-454.
6. Wang, Y., Chen, F., & Wang, M. Y.* (2017). Concurrent design with connectable graded microstructures. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 317, 84-101.
5. Chen, F.*, Wang, M. Y., Zhu, J., & Zhang, Y. F. (2016). Interactions between dielectric elastomer actuators and soft bodies. Soft Robotics, 3(4), 161-169.
4. Wang, Y., Wang, M. Y.*, & Chen, F. (2016). Structure-material integrated design by level sets. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 54(5), 1145-1156.
3. Chen, F.*, & Wang, M. Y. (2016). Simulation of networked dielectric elastomer balloon actuators. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 1(1), 221-226.
2. Chen, F., Zhu, J., & Wang, M. Y.* (2015). Dynamic electromechanical instability of a dielectric elastomer balloon. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 112(4), 47003.
1. Chen, F., & Wang, M. Y.* (2015). Dynamic performance of a dielectric elastomer balloon actuator. Meccanica, 50(11), 2731-2739.
Conference Publication
9. Yuan, R., Ren, J., Peng, Z., Guo, Q., Chen, F.*, & Gu, G. (2026). SuckTac: Camera-based Tactile Sucker for Unstructured Surface Perception and Interaction. In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2026 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE.
8. Wu, J., Luo, K., Yan, P., Hu, X., Ji, H., & Chen, F.* (2023). Modeling and Design Optimization of a Pre-stretched Rolled Dielectric Elastomer Actuator. In International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA) (pp. 138-149). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
7. Miao, Y., & Chen, F.* (2021). Shape Optimization of Soft Pneumatic Bellows for High Energy Density. In 2021 27th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP) (pp. 480-485). IEEE.
6. Chen, F.*, Liu, K., & Zhu, X. (2019). Buckling-induced Shape Morphing using Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Patterned with Spatially-varying Electrodes. In 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (pp. 8306-8311). IEEE.
5. Chen, F.*, & Liu, K. (2019). Networked Dielectric Elastomer Balloon Actuators with Large Deformation. In 2019 IEEE 9th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE.
4. Cao, J., Liang, W., Ren, Q., Gupta, U., Chen, F., & Zhu, J.* (2018). Modelling and Control of a Novel Soft Crawling Robot based on a Dielectric Elastomer Actuator. In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2018 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE.
3. Chen, F.*, Cao, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Wang, M. Y., Zhu, J., & Zhang, Y. F. (2017). Networked soft actuators with large deformations. In Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2017 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE.
2. Zhang, H., Wang, M. Y.*, Chen, F., Wang, Y., Fuh, Y. H. J., & Kumar, A. S. (2017). Design and development of a soft gripper with topology optimization. In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on. IEEE.
1. Chen, F., & Wang, M. Y.* (2016). Actuation capability of a dielectric elastomer balloon actuator. In Control and Automation (ICCA), 2016 12th IEEE International Conference on. IEEE.
【中文期刊】
2. 梁加龍,陳飛飛*. (2024). 基于三周期極小曲面的管道爬行機(jī)器人. 《科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程》. (已錄用)
1. 羅凱,李德臣,陳世通,陳飛飛*. (2024). 軟體機(jī)器人拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究進(jìn)展. 《機(jī)器人》46(2), 219-233. (已錄用)
軟件版權(quán)登記及專利
【發(fā)明專利】
基于腔體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的氣動(dòng)軟體扭轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)器. 陳飛飛,繆云鵬,谷國(guó)迎,朱向陽. 專利號(hào): ZL202110105746.9
基于外骨骼增強(qiáng)的氣動(dòng)軟體彎曲驅(qū)動(dòng)器. 陳飛飛,陳世通,谷國(guó)迎,朱向陽. 專利號(hào): ZL202111388446.2
基于三重周期極小曲面的氣動(dòng)軟體直線驅(qū)動(dòng)器. 陳飛飛,繆云鵬,陳世通,朱向陽. 專利號(hào): ZL202111639798.0
基于氣動(dòng)柔性捏取式多工況抓手. 陳飛飛,陳世通,李德臣,谷國(guó)迎,朱向陽. 專利號(hào): ZL202211391253.7
基于介電彈性體驅(qū)動(dòng)器的動(dòng)態(tài)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)裝置及方法. 宋杰,李智超,谷國(guó)迎,高超,鄒江,陳飛飛. 專利號(hào): ZL201810788663.2
【軟件著作權(quán)】
一種基于絕對(duì)節(jié)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)法的氣動(dòng)軟體機(jī)器人可微分模擬軟件. 北京大學(xué),上海交通大學(xué). 登記號(hào): 2025SR1459448
1. 個(gè)人榮譽(yù)
2024 上海市東方英才計(jì)劃(青年項(xiàng)目)
2024 上海市啟明星計(jì)劃
2022 上海市自然科學(xué)一等獎(jiǎng)(第三完成人)
2020 上海市晨光計(jì)劃
2019 上海市揚(yáng)帆計(jì)劃
2019 福布斯中國(guó)30歲以下精英榜(科學(xué)領(lǐng)域)
2. 研究生培養(yǎng)
袁睿勇,國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 (2025)
吳佳寧,上海市優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)研究生 (2024)
陳世通,上海交通大學(xué)博士?jī)?yōu)秀畢業(yè)生 (2023)
李德臣,上海交通大學(xué)碩士?jī)?yōu)秀畢業(yè)生 (2023)
羅凱, 上海交通大學(xué)碩士?jī)?yōu)秀畢業(yè)生 (2023)
繆云鵬,上海交通大學(xué)碩士?jī)?yōu)秀畢業(yè)生 (2022)
繆云鵬,國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 (2021)
陳世通,中遠(yuǎn)海運(yùn)一等獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 (2021)
繆云鵬,第七屆全國(guó)軟體機(jī)器人創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽一等獎(jiǎng)(2021,山東威海)
3. 指導(dǎo)本科生
2024 校企合作畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)秀設(shè)計(jì)三等獎(jiǎng)